COP28 begins in Dubai with a daunting first assessment of global climate action

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During the conference, each country must report on its compliance to reduce CO2 emissions. The aim of this summit is to continue making progress towards the 2015 target of limiting thermal rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.

The XXVIII Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change of the UN (COP28) starts today, Thursday, November 30, in Dubai (United Arab Emirates), where until December 12, almost 200 countries will lay out the truth cards about their commitment to the climate crisis, adopted in 2015 in the Paris Agreement that the international community has set the goal limit the thermal rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.

The international community is gathering in an oil country that, however, is defending its ‘commitment’ to climate action and its advanced process to decouple the national economy from fossil fuels. Critics point to Dubai for its election as president of Sultan Bin Ahmed Al Jaber, the country’s Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology and president of the Emirates’ state oil company.

One of the issues that makes this event one of the most important since the Paris COP is the fact that by 2023 each country must report on its compliance to reduce CO2 emissions, address mitigation and adaptation, as well as its financial contribution to financing climate action. in developing countries in the context of the loss and damage mechanism.

All this takes place in a complex international context, marked by the war in Ukraine, now also by the war in Gaza, the difficult global economic and energy situation and in a year in which the serious consequences of climate change have become apparent in all corners. of the planet in the form of droughts, floods, fires and other types of adverse weather and climate events.

At the same time, throughout the year and especially in recent weeks, results have been announced as uninspiring as those of the UN World Environment Program (UNEP), indicating that the sum of the efforts made by the international community to date lead to a 2.9 ºC increase in global temperatures by the end of the century, almost double what was promised.

The UN thus denounces that greenhouse gas emissions increased by 1.2% to 57.4 gigatonnes of CO2 between 2021 and 2022, and warns that this ‘worrying’ trend of ‘insufficient’ action on mitigation is leading to ‘pathways of greater social inequality’. .”

In fact, the total implementation of the Nationally determined contributions (NDC) will result in 2.5 ºC above pre-industrial levels, with a 66% probability. The organization estimates that at a global level it will be necessary to reduce CO2 emissions by 28% between now and 2030 to limit global temperature rise to 2 ºC with a 66% and 42% chance of meeting the 1.5 ºC at the end of the century. This means, in absolute terms, an additional reduction of 22 gigatons of CO2 to meet the thermal rise limit target of 1.5ºC.

However, the director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service has confirmed that global warming of 2ºC was reached on November 17, which is the largest deviation from the estimated measurement for the pre-industrial period to date. Its director, Carlo Buontempo, has described these data as “anecdotal” but warns that they highlight the “proximity” to internationally agreed borders.

“World temperature records are being broken with alarming regularity,” Buontempo warns.

Source: EITB

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